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J Cancer 2017; 8(17):3378-3395. doi:10.7150/jca.20497 This issue Cite

Review

Linking Gut Microbiota to Colorectal Cancer

Hans Raskov^1✉, Jakob Burcharth², Hans-Christian Pommergaard³

1. Speciallægecentret ved Diakonissestiftelsen, Frederiksberg, Denmark;
2. Department of Surgery, Zealand University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark;
3. Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.

✉ Corresponding author: Hans Raskov, MD., Lundevangsvej 23, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark Phone: +45 2441 4031 Email: raskovdk

Abstract

Pre-clinical and clinical data produce mounting evidence that the microbiota is strongly associated with colorectal carcinogenesis. Dysbiosis may change the course of carcinogenesis as microbial actions seem to impact genetic and epigenetic alterations leading to dysplasia, clonal expansion and malignant transformation. Initiation and promotion of colorectal cancer may result from direct bacterial actions, bacterial metabolites and inflammatory pathways. Newer aspects of microbiota and colorectal cancer include quorum sensing, biofilm formation, sidedness and effects/countereffects of microbiota and probiotics on chemotherapy. In the future, targeting the microbiota will probably be a powerful weapon in the battle against CRC as gut microbiology, genomics and metabolomics promise to uncover important linkages between microbiota and intestinal health.

Keywords: microbiota, dysbiosis, mucosal defense mechanisms, inflammation, carcinogenesis, colorectal cancer.

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