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J Cancer 2024; 15(1):1-19. doi:10.7150/jca.88559 This issue Cite

Review

Impact of Physical Exercise on Melanoma Hallmarks: Current Status of Preclinical and Clinical Research

Claudia Ceci1, Celia García-Chico2, Maria Grazia Atzori1, Pedro Miguel Lacal3, Simone Lista2, Alejandro Santos-Lozano2, Grazia Graziani1,✉, José Pinto-Fraga2

1. Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.
2. i+HeALTH Strategic Research Group, Department of Health Sciences, Miguel de Cervantes European University (UEMC), 47012 Valladolid, Spain.
3. Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, IDI-IRCCS, Rome, Italy.

✉ Corresponding author: Grazia Graziani, MD; Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy. E-mail: grazianiit.

Citation:
Ceci C, García-Chico C, Atzori MG, Lacal PM, Lista S, Santos-Lozano A, Graziani G, Pinto-Fraga J. Impact of Physical Exercise on Melanoma Hallmarks: Current Status of Preclinical and Clinical Research. J Cancer 2024; 15(1):1-19. doi:10.7150/jca.88559. https://www.jcancer.org/v15p0001.htm
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Abstract

Graphic abstract

In recent years, accumulating evidence from preclinical and clinical studies consistently indicated that physical activity/exercise plays a crucial role in reducing the incidence and recurrence of various malignancies, by exerting a beneficial modulation of cancer hallmarks. Moreover, physical activity is suggested to attenuate certain adverse effects of anticancer therapy, including the reduction of cardiovascular toxicity and symptoms related to depression and anxiety, among others, while preserving muscular strength.

In the case of melanoma, the relationship with physical activity has been critically debated. Historically, several cohort studies and meta-analyses reported a positive association between physical activity/exercise and melanoma risk. This association was primarily attributed to outdoor activities that may expose the skin to UV radiation, a well-known risk factor for melanocyte transformation. However, more recent evidence does not support such association and recognizes physical activity/exercise role in both melanoma prevention and progression. Nevertheless, sun protection is recommended during outdoor training to minimize UV radiation exposure.

This narrative review summarizes preclinical and clinical data about physical activity effects on melanoma hallmarks. Specifically, experimental evidence is reported concerning (i) invasion and metastasis, (ii) reprogramming of energy metabolism, (iii) angiogenesis, (iv) resistance to cell death, (v) evasion from immune destruction, and (vi) tumor-promoting inflammation.

Keywords: melanoma, cancer hallmarks, physical activity, immune checkpoints, BRAFi/MEKi

Citation styles

APA
Ceci, C., García-Chico, C., Atzori, M.G., Lacal, P.M., Lista, S., Santos-Lozano, A., Graziani, G., Pinto-Fraga, J. (2024). Impact of Physical Exercise on Melanoma Hallmarks: Current Status of Preclinical and Clinical Research. Journal of Cancer, 15(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.7150/jca.88559.

ACS
Ceci, C.; García-Chico, C.; Atzori, M.G.; Lacal, P.M.; Lista, S.; Santos-Lozano, A.; Graziani, G.; Pinto-Fraga, J. Impact of Physical Exercise on Melanoma Hallmarks: Current Status of Preclinical and Clinical Research. J. Cancer 2024, 15 (1), 1-19. DOI: 10.7150/jca.88559.

NLM
Ceci C, García-Chico C, Atzori MG, Lacal PM, Lista S, Santos-Lozano A, Graziani G, Pinto-Fraga J. Impact of Physical Exercise on Melanoma Hallmarks: Current Status of Preclinical and Clinical Research. J Cancer 2024; 15(1):1-19. doi:10.7150/jca.88559. https://www.jcancer.org/v15p0001.htm

CSE
Ceci C, García-Chico C, Atzori MG, Lacal PM, Lista S, Santos-Lozano A, Graziani G, Pinto-Fraga J. 2024. Impact of Physical Exercise on Melanoma Hallmarks: Current Status of Preclinical and Clinical Research. J Cancer. 15(1):1-19.

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