ISSN: 1837-9664Journal of Cancer
Global reach, higher impact
J Cancer 2024; 15(10):3045-3064. doi:10.7150/jca.95311 This issue Cite
Review
Global progress and future prospects of early gastric cancer screening
1. Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China.
2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
3. Institute of Digestive Disease of Ningbo University, Ningbo 315020, China.
* These authors contributed equally to this work and should be regarded as co-first authors.
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a prevalent malignancy that poses a serious threat to global health. Despite advances in medical technologies, screening methods, and public awareness, gastric cancer remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Early gastric cancer frequently does not present with characteristic symptoms, while advanced stage disease is characterized by a dismal prognosis. As such, early screening in gastric cancer is of great importance. In recent years, advances have been made globally in both clinical and basic research for the screening of early gastric cancer. The current predominant screening methods for early gastric cancer include imaging screening, endoscopic screening and serum biomarker screening. Imaging screening encompasses upper gastrointestinal barium meal, multidimensional spiral computed tomography (MDCT), Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasonography. Endoscopic screening methods include white light endoscopy, chromoendoscopy, computed virtual chromoendoscopy, and other endoscopic techniques like endocytoscopy, confocal laser endomicroscopy, optical coherence tomography and so on. Biomarkers screening involves the assessment of conventional biomarkers such as CEA, CA19-9 and CA72-4 as well as more emerging biomarkers such as peptides (PG, G-17, GCAA, TAAs and others), DNA (cfDNA, DNA methylation, MSI), noncoding RNA (miRNA, lncRNA, circRNA, and tsRNA) and others. Each screening method has its strengths and limitations. This article systematically summarizes worldwide progress and future development of early gastric cancer screening methods to provide new perspectives and approaches for early diagnostic and treatment advancements in gastric cancer worldwide.
Keywords: Gastric cancer, Early screening, Imaging, Endoscopy, Biomarkers, Noncoding RNA
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