Molecular Targeted Drugs and Biomarkers in NSCLC, the Evolving Role of Individualized Therapy

Kalliopi Domvri¹, Paul Zarogoulidis^1,2✉, Kaid Darwiche², Robert F. Browning³, Qiang Li⁴, J. Francis Turner⁵, Ioannis Kioumis¹, Dionysios Spyratos¹, Konstantinos Porpodis¹, Antonis Papaiwannou¹, Theodora Tsiouda⁶, Lutz Freitag², Konstantinos Zarogoulidis¹

1. Pulmonary Department-Oncology Unit, “G. Papanikolaou“ General Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
2. Department of Interventional Pneumology, Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen
3. Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Interventional Pulmonology, National Naval Medical Center, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Bethesda, U.S.A
4. Department of Respiratory Diseases, Changhai Hospital/First Affiliated Hospital of the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
5. Pulmonary Medicine, University of Nevada School of Medicine, National Supercomputing Center for Energy and the Environment University of Nevada, Las Vegas, U.S.A
6. Internal Medicine Unit, “Theiageneio“ Anticancer Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece

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Citation:
Domvri K, Zarogoulidis P, Darwiche K, Browning RF, Li Q, Turner JF, Kioumis I, Spyratos D, Porpodis K, Papaiwannou A, Tsiouda T, Freitag L, Zarogoulidis K. Molecular Targeted Drugs and Biomarkers in NSCLC, the Evolving Role of Individualized Therapy. J Cancer 2013; 4(9):736-754. doi:10.7150/jca.7734. Available from https://www.jcancer.org/v04p0736.htm

Abstract

Lung cancer first line treatment has been directed from the non-specific cytotoxic doublet chemotherapy to the molecular targeted. The major limitation of the targeted therapies still remains the small number of patients positive to gene mutations. Furthermore, the differentiation between second line and maintenance therapy has not been fully clarified and differs in the clinical practice between cancer centers. The authors present a segregation between maintenance treatment and second line and present a possible definition for the term “maintenance” treatment. In addition, cancer cell evolution induces mutations and therefore either targeted therapies or non-specific chemotherapy drugs in many patients become ineffective. In the present work pathways such as epidermal growth factor, anaplastic lymphoma kinase, met proto-oncogene and PI3K are extensively presented and correlated with current chemotherapy treatment. Future, perspectives for targeted treatment are presented based on the current publications and ongoing clinical trials.

Keywords: NSCLC, pathways, targeted treatment, maintenance