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J Cancer 2020; 11(21):6429-6436. doi:10.7150/jca.47175 This issue Cite

Research Paper

Association between kidney function and the risk of cancer: Results from the China Health and Retirement longitudinal study (CHARLS)

Lili Liu^1*, Ming Zhu^2*, Qinqin Meng³, Yafeng Wang³, Yaohui Zhao^4✉, Dawei Xie⁵, Luxia Zhang^1,6✉, Ming-hui Zhao^1,7

1. Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital; Institute of Nephrology, Peking University; Key Laboratory of Renal Disease, National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Chronic Kidney Disease Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
2. Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
3. Institute of Social Science Survey, Peking University, Beijing, China.
4. National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China.
5. Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, U.S.A.
6. National Institute of Health Data Science at Peking University, Beijing, China.
7. Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.
*These authors contributed equally to this work.

✉ Corresponding authors: Luxia Zhang, Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China. Phone: +86-10-8357-2388; Fax: +86-10-6655-1055; E-mail: zhanglxedu.cn. Yaohui Zhao, National School of Development, Peking University, Beijing, China. 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China. Phone: +86-10-6275-4803; Fax: +86-10-6275-1474; E-mail: yhzhaopku.edu.cn. More

Abstract

Objective: Increased cancer risk after dialysis or transplantation has been recognized, but studies of cancer in pre-dialysis chronic kidney disease (CKD) are extremely limited. Therefore, we aim to investigate the risk of cancer in individuals with reduced kidney function.

Methods: This study was based on China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), a nationally representative population aged ≥ 45 years old. We included 11 508 (5364 male) individuals with measurement of serum creatinine and without history of cancer at baseline. Incident cancer cases were documented in the biennial questionnaire.

Results: The mean age was 58.7 ± 9.8 years. Participants with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≥ 90 ml/min/1.73m², 60 to 89 ml/min/1.73m², and eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m² accounted for 62.9%, 33.7% and 3.4%, respectively. During 42 895 person-years' follow-up, 217 new cases of cancer were recorded. In participants with eGFR < 90 ml/min/1.73m², cubic spline showed linear relationship between the risk of cancer and eGFR, while remained stable and no association in participants with eGFR > 90 ml/min/1.73m². Compared to participants with eGFR ≥ 90 ml/min/1.73m², those with eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m² was associated with the increased risk of cancer in the fully adjusted model (hazard ratio 2.08; 95% confidence interval 1.22-3.53); and the risk for kidney and lung cancers was higher among those with eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73m².

Conclusion: Reduced kidney function is associated with a higher risk of cancer and should be integrated into risk-stratification of cancer screening and management.

Keywords: Kidney function decline, glomerular filtration rate, chronic kidney disease, cancer

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