ISSN: 1837-9664Journal of Cancer
Global reach, higher impact
J Cancer 2022; 13(4):1229-1240. doi:10.7150/jca.65212 This issue Cite
Research Paper
Sinapine Thiocyanate Inhibits the Proliferation and Mobility of Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Up-Regulating GADD45A
1. Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis & Drug Research on Common Chronic Diseases, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
2. Department of Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550009, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
3. Guizhou Institute of Precision Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550009, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
4. Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Xietu Road 2094, Shanghai 200032, People's Republic of China.
5. School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District 550025, Guizhou, People's Republic of China.
*Contributed equally
Abstract
Background: Sinapine thiocyanate (ST), an alkaloid isolated from the seeds of cruciferous species, has exhibited anti-inflammatory, anti-malignancy, and anti-angiogenic effects in previous studies. However, the effects and molecular mechanisms of action of ST in pancreatic cancer (PC) are still limited.
Materials and methods: PC cells were treated with different concentrations (0, 20, 40, and 80 μM) of ST. The proliferative ability of PC cells in vitro was determined using cell count kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-2ʹ deoxyuridine, colony formation, and flow cytometry assays. The mobility of PC cells in vitro was analyzed using wound healing assay, transwell assay, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence. High-throughput sequencing followed by bioinformatics analysis, reverse-transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and Western blotting were performed to identify the key targets of ST. Finally, CCK-8 assay, wound healing assay, and xenograft tumor model were used to determine the relationship between ST and growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible alpha (GADD45A; the key target of ST) and malignant biological properties of PC in vitro and in vivo.
Results: ST significantly repressed the PC cell proliferation rate and colony formation in vitro and arrested cells in the G2/M phase. ST inhibited PC cell mobility in vitro and increased E-cadherin expression (an epithelial biomarker). GADD45A was considered the key target of ST in PC and was elevated in PC cells treated with ST. The inhibition of GADD45A significantly alleviated the suppressive effects of ST on PC cell proliferation and mobility in vitro. ST suppressed PC cell proliferation in vivo and increased GADD45A expression in tumor tissues.
Conclusion: ST exhibited significant anti-tumor effects on PC cells by upregulating GADD45A. ST may be a potential drug for PC treatment.
Keywords: Sinapine thiocyanate (ST), growth arrest and DNA damage inducible alpha (GADD45A), Pancreatic cancer (PC)
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